One of the best examples of how small differences can lead to exponential results comes from the world of professional golf. In 2015, Phil Mickelson earned $51 million split between prize money on the tour and endorsements.
His per-round stroke average was 70.5.
Read MoreBefore he won the Masters last month, Danny Willett had limited experience at Augusta National Golf Club. He had played in the tournament only once before, and was among the last players to arrive for practice rounds this year. But Willett also knew something many of his competitors did not.
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